#!/usr/bin/env python3 """ Build script for modern mid-size four-door family saloon / sedan (family-sedan-g4.glb). Run headless in Blender 5.2: blender -b --python-exit-code 1 --python build_family-sedan-g4.py """ import os import sys import json import math import urllib.request import bpy import bmesh from mathutils import Vector, Matrix # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Paths & Constants # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCRIPT_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) TEX_DIR = os.path.join(SCRIPT_DIR, "textures") os.makedirs(TEX_DIR, exist_ok=True) # Dimensions (Forge Garage Contract v2): # Length = 4.80 m (Z: -2.35 to +2.45) # Width = 1.84 m (X: -0.92 to +0.92) # Height = 1.45 m (Y: 0.00 to +1.45) # Wheelbase = 2.80 m (Z = +1.40 front axle, Z = -1.40 rear axle) # Blender internal before export (+Y_up -> -Z_up): # Blender X = Left (+X) / Right (-X) # Blender Y = Rear (+Y) / Front (-Y) --> Game +Z is Blender -Y # Blender Z = Up (+Z) --> Game +Y is Blender +Z def co(x, y_up, z_fwd): return Vector((x, -z_fwd, y_up)) # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # 1. Poly Haven Texture Downloader & Procedural/Baked Atlas Generator # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- POLYHAVEN_IDS = [ "metal_plate_02", "rusty_metal_03", "rubberized_track", "fabric_leather_02", ] def ensure_polyhaven_textures(): for ph_id in POLYHAVEN_IDS: for map_type in ["diff", "nor_gl", "arm"]: fname = f"{ph_id}_{map_type}_1k.jpg" fpath = os.path.join(TEX_DIR, fname) if not os.path.exists(fpath): url = f"https://dl.polyhaven.org/file/ph-assets/Textures/jpg/1k/{ph_id}/{fname}" print(f"Downloading {url} ...") try: req = urllib.request.Request(url, headers={"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0"}) with urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=20) as resp, open(fpath, "wb") as out: out.write(resp.read()) except Exception as e: print(f"Warning: could not download {fname}: {e}") def setup_cycles_gpu(): scene = bpy.context.scene scene.render.engine = 'CYCLES' prefs = bpy.context.preferences cprefs = prefs.addons['cycles'].preferences cprefs.RefreshDevices() if hasattr(cprefs, 'RefreshDevices') else cprefs.get_devices() for dev_type in ('OPTIX', 'CUDA', 'HIP', 'ONEAPI'): try: cprefs.compute_device_type = dev_type for d in cprefs.devices: d.use = True scene.cycles.device = 'GPU' break except Exception: continue scene.cycles.use_denoising = True def bake_material_maps(): print("Baking PBR textures from Poly Haven + procedural nodes via Cycles...") setup_cycles_gpu() scene = bpy.context.scene scene.cycles.samples = 16 bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_plane_add(size=2.0, location=(0, 0, 0)) plane = bpy.context.active_object plane.name = "_BakePlane" def load_ph_image(ph_id, map_type, non_color=False): fpath = os.path.join(TEX_DIR, f"{ph_id}_{map_type}_1k.jpg") img = bpy.data.images.load(fpath, check_existing=True) if non_color: img.colorspace_settings.name = 'Non-Color' return img def do_bake_pass(mat, bake_type, out_path, size, is_non_color=False): img = bpy.data.images.new(name="_bake_tmp", width=size, height=size, alpha=False) if is_non_color: img.colorspace_settings.name = 'Non-Color' nodes = mat.node_tree.nodes tex_node = nodes.new('ShaderNodeTexImage') tex_node.image = img for n in nodes: n.select = False tex_node.select = True nodes.active = tex_node bpy.context.view_layer.objects.active = plane plane.select_set(True) if bake_type == 'EMIT': bpy.ops.object.bake(type='EMIT') elif bake_type == 'NORMAL': scene.render.bake.normal_space = 'TANGENT' bpy.ops.object.bake(type='NORMAL') img.filepath_raw = out_path img.file_format = 'JPEG' if out_path.endswith('.jpg') else 'PNG' img.save() nodes.remove(tex_node) bpy.data.images.remove(img) def bake_recipe(name, build_fn): mat = bpy.data.materials.new(name=f"_Bake_{name}") mat.use_nodes = True plane.data.materials.clear() plane.data.materials.append(mat) nt = mat.node_tree nt.nodes.clear() out_node = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeOutputMaterial') bsdf = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeBsdfPrincipled') nt.links.new(bsdf.outputs['BSDF'], out_node.inputs['Surface']) emit_col_socket, orm_socket, norm_socket = build_fn(nt, bsdf) norm_path = os.path.join(TEX_DIR, f"{name}_normal.png") if norm_socket is not None: nt.links.new(norm_socket, bsdf.inputs['Normal']) nt.links.new(bsdf.outputs['BSDF'], out_node.inputs['Surface']) do_bake_pass(mat, 'NORMAL', norm_path, 1024, is_non_color=True) col_path = os.path.join(TEX_DIR, f"{name}_basecolor.png") emit = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeEmission') nt.links.new(emit_col_socket, emit.inputs['Color']) nt.links.new(emit.outputs['Emission'], out_node.inputs['Surface']) do_bake_pass(mat, 'EMIT', col_path, 1024, is_non_color=False) orm_path = os.path.join(TEX_DIR, f"{name}_orm.png") nt.links.new(orm_socket, emit.inputs['Color']) nt.links.new(emit.outputs['Emission'], out_node.inputs['Surface']) do_bake_pass(mat, 'EMIT', orm_path, 512, is_non_color=True) bpy.data.materials.remove(mat) return col_path, norm_path, orm_path # --- Recipe 1: Paint (neutral white/light grey with lower-body road grime/salt/dust) --- def recipe_paint(nt, bsdf): tc = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeTexCoord') sep = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeSeparateXYZ') nt.links.new(tc.outputs['UV'], sep.inputs['Vector']) tex_m_diff = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeTexImage') tex_m_diff.image = load_ph_image("metal_plate_02", "diff", False) tex_r_diff = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeTexImage') tex_r_diff.image = load_ph_image("rusty_metal_03", "diff", False) tex_m_arm = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeTexImage') tex_m_arm.image = load_ph_image("metal_plate_02", "arm", True) tex_m_nor = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeTexImage') tex_m_nor.image = load_ph_image("metal_plate_02", "nor_gl", True) noise = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeTexNoise') noise.inputs['Scale'].default_value = 18.0 noise.inputs['Detail'].default_value = 8.0 noise.inputs['Roughness'].default_value = 0.65 ramp_grime = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeValToRGB') ramp_grime.color_ramp.elements[0].position = 0.04 ramp_grime.color_ramp.elements[0].color = (0.72, 0.72, 0.73, 1.0) ramp_grime.color_ramp.elements[1].position = 0.38 ramp_grime.color_ramp.elements[1].color = (0.98, 0.98, 0.99, 1.0) nt.links.new(sep.outputs['Y'], ramp_grime.inputs['Fac']) bw_m = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeRGBToBW') nt.links.new(tex_m_diff.outputs['Color'], bw_m.inputs['Color']) bw_r = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeRGBToBW') nt.links.new(tex_r_diff.outputs['Color'], bw_r.inputs['Color']) mix_ph = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeMixRGB') mix_ph.blend_type = 'MULTIPLY' mix_ph.inputs['Fac'].default_value = 0.14 nt.links.new(ramp_grime.outputs['Color'], mix_ph.inputs['Color1']) nt.links.new(bw_m.outputs['Val'], mix_ph.inputs['Color2']) mix_noise = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeMixRGB') mix_noise.blend_type = 'MULTIPLY' mix_noise.inputs['Fac'].default_value = 0.10 nt.links.new(mix_ph.outputs['Color'], mix_noise.inputs['Color1']) nt.links.new(noise.outputs['Fac'], mix_noise.inputs['Color2']) # ORM for Paint: R = AO, G = Roughness (0.14 on upper body, 0.34 on lower road-grime strip), B = Metallic (0.85) sep_arm = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeSeparateColor') nt.links.new(tex_m_arm.outputs['Color'], sep_arm.inputs['Color']) ramp_rough = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeValToRGB') ramp_rough.color_ramp.elements[0].position = 0.05 ramp_rough.color_ramp.elements[0].color = (0.34, 0.34, 0.34, 1.0) ramp_rough.color_ramp.elements[1].position = 0.38 ramp_rough.color_ramp.elements[1].color = (0.14, 0.14, 0.14, 1.0) nt.links.new(sep.outputs['Y'], ramp_rough.inputs['Fac']) bw_rough = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeRGBToBW') nt.links.new(ramp_rough.outputs['Color'], bw_rough.inputs['Color']) comb_orm = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeCombineColor') nt.links.new(sep_arm.outputs['Red'], comb_orm.inputs['Red']) nt.links.new(bw_rough.outputs['Val'], comb_orm.inputs['Green']) comb_orm.inputs['Blue'].default_value = 0.85 nmap = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeNormalMap') nmap.inputs['Strength'].default_value = 0.05 nt.links.new(tex_m_nor.outputs['Color'], nmap.inputs['Color']) return mix_noise.outputs['Color'], comb_orm.outputs['Color'], nmap.outputs['Normal'] # --- Recipe 2: Trim (UV.y > 0.5: Bright Chrome/Alloy, UV.y <= 0.5: Dark Satin Grille/Trim) --- def recipe_trim(nt, bsdf): tc = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeTexCoord') sep = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeSeparateXYZ') nt.links.new(tc.outputs['UV'], sep.inputs['Vector']) tex_diff = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeTexImage') tex_diff.image = load_ph_image("metal_plate_02", "diff", False) tex_arm = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeTexImage') tex_arm.image = load_ph_image("metal_plate_02", "arm", True) tex_nor = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeTexImage') tex_nor.image = load_ph_image("metal_plate_02", "nor_gl", True) gt = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeMath') gt.operation = 'GREATER_THAN' nt.links.new(sep.outputs['Y'], gt.inputs[0]) gt.inputs[1].default_value = 0.5 mix_col = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeMixRGB') nt.links.new(gt.outputs['Value'], mix_col.inputs['Fac']) mix_col.inputs['Color1'].default_value = (0.045, 0.048, 0.054, 1.0) mix_col.inputs['Color2'].default_value = (0.82, 0.84, 0.87, 1.0) mix_ph = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeMixRGB') mix_ph.blend_type = 'MULTIPLY' mix_ph.inputs['Fac'].default_value = 0.20 nt.links.new(mix_col.outputs['Color'], mix_ph.inputs['Color1']) nt.links.new(tex_diff.outputs['Color'], mix_ph.inputs['Color2']) mix_rough = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeMixRGB') nt.links.new(gt.outputs['Value'], mix_rough.inputs['Fac']) mix_rough.inputs['Color1'].default_value = (0.42, 0.42, 0.42, 1.0) mix_rough.inputs['Color2'].default_value = (0.14, 0.14, 0.14, 1.0) mix_metal = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeMixRGB') nt.links.new(gt.outputs['Value'], mix_metal.inputs['Fac']) mix_metal.inputs['Color1'].default_value = (0.20, 0.20, 0.20, 1.0) mix_metal.inputs['Color2'].default_value = (0.95, 0.95, 0.95, 1.0) sep_arm = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeSeparateColor') nt.links.new(tex_arm.outputs['Color'], sep_arm.inputs['Color']) bw_r = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeRGBToBW') nt.links.new(mix_rough.outputs['Color'], bw_r.inputs['Color']) bw_m = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeRGBToBW') nt.links.new(mix_metal.outputs['Color'], bw_m.inputs['Color']) comb_orm = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeCombineColor') nt.links.new(sep_arm.outputs['Red'], comb_orm.inputs['Red']) nt.links.new(bw_r.outputs['Val'], comb_orm.inputs['Green']) nt.links.new(bw_m.outputs['Val'], comb_orm.inputs['Blue']) nmap = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeNormalMap') nmap.inputs['Strength'].default_value = 0.16 nt.links.new(tex_nor.outputs['Color'], nmap.inputs['Color']) return mix_ph.outputs['Color'], comb_orm.outputs['Color'], nmap.outputs['Normal'] # --- Recipe 3: Rubber (Deep vulcanised carbon-black tyre rubber using rubberized_track) --- def recipe_rubber(nt, bsdf): tex_diff = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeTexImage') tex_diff.image = load_ph_image("rubberized_track", "diff", False) tex_arm = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeTexImage') tex_arm.image = load_ph_image("rubberized_track", "arm", True) tex_nor = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeTexImage') tex_nor.image = load_ph_image("rubberized_track", "nor_gl", True) mix_col = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeMixRGB') mix_col.blend_type = 'MULTIPLY' mix_col.inputs['Fac'].default_value = 0.55 mix_col.inputs['Color1'].default_value = (0.028, 0.030, 0.033, 1.0) nt.links.new(tex_diff.outputs['Color'], mix_col.inputs['Color2']) sep_arm = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeSeparateColor') nt.links.new(tex_arm.outputs['Color'], sep_arm.inputs['Color']) math_r = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeMath') math_r.operation = 'MULTIPLY_ADD' nt.links.new(sep_arm.outputs['Green'], math_r.inputs[0]) math_r.inputs[1].default_value = 0.22 math_r.inputs[2].default_value = 0.62 comb_orm = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeCombineColor') nt.links.new(sep_arm.outputs['Red'], comb_orm.inputs['Red']) nt.links.new(math_r.outputs['Value'], comb_orm.inputs['Green']) comb_orm.inputs['Blue'].default_value = 0.02 nmap = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeNormalMap') nmap.inputs['Strength'].default_value = 0.65 nt.links.new(tex_nor.outputs['Color'], nmap.inputs['Color']) return mix_col.outputs['Color'], comb_orm.outputs['Color'], nmap.outputs['Normal'] # --- Recipe 4: Interior (Charcoal leather & dashboard soft-touch using fabric_leather_02) --- def recipe_interior(nt, bsdf): tex_diff = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeTexImage') tex_diff.image = load_ph_image("fabric_leather_02", "diff", False) tex_arm = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeTexImage') tex_arm.image = load_ph_image("fabric_leather_02", "arm", True) tex_nor = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeTexImage') tex_nor.image = load_ph_image("fabric_leather_02", "nor_gl", True) mix_col = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeMixRGB') mix_col.blend_type = 'MULTIPLY' mix_col.inputs['Fac'].default_value = 0.45 mix_col.inputs['Color1'].default_value = (0.11, 0.115, 0.13, 1.0) nt.links.new(tex_diff.outputs['Color'], mix_col.inputs['Color2']) sep_arm = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeSeparateColor') nt.links.new(tex_arm.outputs['Color'], sep_arm.inputs['Color']) comb_orm = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeCombineColor') nt.links.new(sep_arm.outputs['Red'], comb_orm.inputs['Red']) comb_orm.inputs['Green'].default_value = 0.60 comb_orm.inputs['Blue'].default_value = 0.04 nmap = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeNormalMap') nmap.inputs['Strength'].default_value = 0.45 nt.links.new(tex_nor.outputs['Color'], nmap.inputs['Color']) return mix_col.outputs['Color'], comb_orm.outputs['Color'], nmap.outputs['Normal'] # --- Recipe 5: Lamps (UV zoned: Headlight warm white, Taillight ruby red, Indicator amber) --- def recipe_lamps(nt, bsdf): tc = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeTexCoord') sep = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeSeparateXYZ') nt.links.new(tc.outputs['UV'], sep.inputs['Vector']) ramp = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeValToRGB') ramp.color_ramp.interpolation = 'CONSTANT' e0 = ramp.color_ramp.elements[0] e0.position = 0.0 e0.color = (0.12, 0.13, 0.16, 1.0) e1 = ramp.color_ramp.elements[1] e1.position = 0.25 e1.color = (1.00, 0.48, 0.04, 1.0) e2 = ramp.color_ramp.elements.new(0.50) e2.color = (0.92, 0.04, 0.04, 1.0) e3 = ramp.color_ramp.elements.new(0.75) e3.color = (0.99, 0.96, 0.88, 1.0) nt.links.new(sep.outputs['Y'], ramp.inputs['Fac']) comb_orm = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeCombineColor') comb_orm.inputs['Red'].default_value = 1.0 comb_orm.inputs['Green'].default_value = 0.06 comb_orm.inputs['Blue'].default_value = 0.15 return ramp.outputs['Color'], comb_orm.outputs['Color'], None baked = {} baked["Paint"] = bake_recipe("Paint", recipe_paint) baked["Trim"] = bake_recipe("Trim", recipe_trim) baked["Rubber"] = bake_recipe("Rubber", recipe_rubber) baked["Interior"] = bake_recipe("Interior", recipe_interior) baked["Lamps"] = bake_recipe("Lamps", recipe_lamps) bpy.data.objects.remove(plane, do_unlink=True) return baked # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # 2. Build Clean glTF-Ready PBR Materials from Baked Textures # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- def create_gltf_materials(baked): mats = {} def make_pbr_mat(name, col_path, norm_path, orm_path, base_factor=(1,1,1,1), clearcoat=0.0, emissive=False): mat = bpy.data.materials.new(name=name) mat.use_nodes = True nt = mat.node_tree nt.nodes.clear() out = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeOutputMaterial') bsdf = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeBsdfPrincipled') nt.links.new(bsdf.outputs['BSDF'], out.inputs['Surface']) img_col = bpy.data.images.load(col_path, check_existing=True) tex_col = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeTexImage') tex_col.image = img_col if base_factor != (1, 1, 1, 1): mix_f = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeMixRGB') mix_f.blend_type = 'MULTIPLY' mix_f.inputs['Fac'].default_value = 1.0 mix_f.inputs['Color2'].default_value = base_factor nt.links.new(tex_col.outputs['Color'], mix_f.inputs['Color1']) nt.links.new(mix_f.outputs['Color'], bsdf.inputs['Base Color']) bsdf.inputs['Base Color'].default_value = base_factor else: nt.links.new(tex_col.outputs['Color'], bsdf.inputs['Base Color']) img_orm = bpy.data.images.load(orm_path, check_existing=True) img_orm.colorspace_settings.name = 'Non-Color' tex_orm = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeTexImage') tex_orm.image = img_orm sep = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeSeparateColor') nt.links.new(tex_orm.outputs['Color'], sep.inputs['Color']) nt.links.new(sep.outputs['Green'], bsdf.inputs['Roughness']) nt.links.new(sep.outputs['Blue'], bsdf.inputs['Metallic']) gltf_settings = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeGroup') if "glTF Material Output" not in bpy.data.node_groups: ng = bpy.data.node_groups.new("glTF Material Output", 'ShaderNodeTree') ng.interface.new_socket(name="Occlusion", in_out='INPUT', socket_type='NodeSocketFloat') gltf_settings.node_tree = bpy.data.node_groups["glTF Material Output"] nt.links.new(sep.outputs['Red'], gltf_settings.inputs['Occlusion']) img_nor = bpy.data.images.load(norm_path, check_existing=True) img_nor.colorspace_settings.name = 'Non-Color' tex_nor = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeTexImage') tex_nor.image = img_nor nmap = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeNormalMap') nt.links.new(tex_nor.outputs['Color'], nmap.inputs['Color']) nt.links.new(nmap.outputs['Normal'], bsdf.inputs['Normal']) if clearcoat > 0.0: if 'Coat Weight' in bsdf.inputs: bsdf.inputs['Coat Weight'].default_value = clearcoat bsdf.inputs['Coat Roughness'].default_value = 0.05 elif 'Clearcoat' in bsdf.inputs: bsdf.inputs['Clearcoat'].default_value = clearcoat bsdf.inputs['Clearcoat Roughness'].default_value = 0.05 if emissive: if 'Emission Color' in bsdf.inputs: nt.links.new(tex_col.outputs['Color'], bsdf.inputs['Emission Color']) bsdf.inputs['Emission Strength'].default_value = 2.2 elif 'Emission' in bsdf.inputs: nt.links.new(tex_col.outputs['Color'], bsdf.inputs['Emission']) bsdf.inputs['Emission Strength'].default_value = 2.2 return mat mats["Paint"] = make_pbr_mat("Paint", *baked["Paint"], base_factor=(0.02, 0.05, 0.16, 1.0), clearcoat=1.0) mats["Trim"] = make_pbr_mat("Trim", *baked["Trim"]) mats["Rubber"] = make_pbr_mat("Rubber", *baked["Rubber"]) mats["Interior"] = make_pbr_mat("Interior", *baked["Interior"]) mats["Lamps"] = make_pbr_mat("Lamps", *baked["Lamps"], emissive=True) mat_glass = bpy.data.materials.new(name="Glass") mat_glass.use_nodes = True if hasattr(mat_glass, 'blend_method'): mat_glass.blend_method = 'BLEND' if hasattr(mat_glass, 'surface_render_method'): mat_glass.surface_render_method = 'BLENDED' nt = mat_glass.node_tree nt.nodes.clear() out = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeOutputMaterial') bsdf = nt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeBsdfPrincipled') nt.links.new(bsdf.outputs['BSDF'], out.inputs['Surface']) bsdf.inputs['Base Color'].default_value = (0.08, 0.12, 0.15, 1.0) bsdf.inputs['Metallic'].default_value = 0.12 bsdf.inputs['Roughness'].default_value = 0.03 bsdf.inputs['Alpha'].default_value = 0.36 if 'IOR' in bsdf.inputs: bsdf.inputs['IOR'].default_value = 1.50 mats["Glass"] = mat_glass return mats # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # 3. UV Mapping & BMesh Object Helpers # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- def uv_box_project_bm(bm, uv_layer, scale=0.5, v_min=0.0, v_max=1.0): for f in bm.faces: n = f.normal ax, ay, az = abs(n.x), abs(n.y), abs(n.z) for loop in f.loops: v = loop.vert.co if ax >= ay and ax >= az: u = (v.y * scale) % 1.0 vt = (v.z * scale) % 1.0 elif ay >= ax and ay >= az: u = (v.x * scale) % 1.0 vt = (v.z * scale) % 1.0 else: u = (v.x * scale) % 1.0 vt = (v.y * scale) % 1.0 loop[uv_layer].uv = (u, v_min + vt * (v_max - v_min)) def uv_paint_project_bm(bm, uv_layer): for f in bm.faces: n = f.normal for loop in f.loops: v = loop.vert.co if abs(n.z) > 0.72: u = (v.x / 1.84 + 0.5) % 1.0 vt = 0.50 + 0.45 * ((v.y / 4.80 + 0.5) % 1.0) else: u = (v.y / 4.80 + 0.5) % 1.0 vt = max(0.02, min(0.98, (v.z - 0.14) / 1.30)) loop[uv_layer].uv = (u, vt) def new_bm_object(name, mat): mesh = bpy.data.meshes.new(name) obj = bpy.data.objects.new(name, mesh) bpy.context.collection.objects.link(obj) obj.data.materials.append(mat) return obj def finalize_bm(obj, bm, uv_mode="box", v_range=(0.0, 1.0), smooth=True, bevel_width=0.0, bevel_segs=2, subsurf=0): bmesh.ops.recalc_face_normals(bm, faces=bm.faces) uv_layer = bm.loops.layers.uv.verify() if uv_mode == "paint": uv_paint_project_bm(bm, uv_layer) else: uv_box_project_bm(bm, uv_layer, scale=0.6, v_min=v_range[0], v_max=v_range[1]) for f in bm.faces: f.smooth = smooth bm.to_mesh(obj.data) bm.free() if bevel_width > 0.0: bev = obj.modifiers.new(name="Bevel", type='BEVEL') bev.width = bevel_width bev.segments = bevel_segs bev.limit_method = 'ANGLE' bev.angle_limit = math.radians(32.0) bev.harden_normals = False if subsurf > 0: sub = obj.modifiers.new(name="Subsurf", type='SUBSURF') sub.levels = subsurf sub.render_levels = subsurf return obj # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # 4. Parametric Car Body Surface & Panel Builder # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Longitudinal profile stations (z_fwd from -2.35m rear to +2.45m front): # Note how at z=-2.35 and z=+2.45 we curve smoothly inward in plan & elevation! PROFILE_STATIONS = [ # z_fwd, y_bot, y_fend, y_shld, y_belt, y_roof, hw_bot, hw_mid, hw_belt, hw_roof (-2.33, 0.29, 0.54, 0.78, 0.92, 0.93, 0.62, 0.68, 0.63, 0.55), # Rear bumper center curve (-2.27, 0.26, 0.55, 0.82, 0.98, 0.99, 0.73, 0.80, 0.75, 0.66), # Rear bumper corner (-2.15, 0.24, 0.56, 0.85, 1.01, 1.02, 0.78, 0.85, 0.80, 0.70), # Boot lid trailing lip (subtle spoiler edge) (-1.90, 0.23, 0.57, 0.86, 1.00, 1.03, 0.81, 0.88, 0.82, 0.70), # Mid boot deck (-1.68, 0.22, 0.58, 0.86, 0.99, 1.05, 0.83, 0.90, 0.83, 0.69), # Base of C-pillar / rear screen bottom (-1.40, 0.21, 0.59, 0.86, 0.98, 1.20, 0.84, 0.92, 0.84, 0.66), # Rear axle center / C-pillar mid (-1.05, 0.18, 0.59, 0.85, 0.97, 1.34, 0.83, 0.91, 0.84, 0.64), # Rear wheel arch front / C-pillar top (-0.65, 0.16, 0.58, 0.85, 0.96, 1.42, 0.83, 0.90, 0.84, 0.63), # Rear door center (-0.20, 0.16, 0.58, 0.84, 0.95, 1.45, 0.83, 0.90, 0.84, 0.63), # B-pillar / roof peak (1.45m) ( 0.25, 0.16, 0.58, 0.84, 0.94, 1.43, 0.83, 0.90, 0.84, 0.62), # Front door center ( 0.62, 0.16, 0.57, 0.83, 0.93, 1.36, 0.83, 0.90, 0.83, 0.61), # A-pillar mid ( 0.92, 0.16, 0.57, 0.82, 0.91, 0.92, 0.83, 0.90, 0.82, 0.72), # Base of windshield / cowl ( 1.15, 0.18, 0.58, 0.81, 0.89, 0.90, 0.84, 0.91, 0.81, 0.72), # Front wheel arch rear ( 1.40, 0.20, 0.58, 0.80, 0.87, 0.88, 0.84, 0.92, 0.80, 0.70), # Front axle center ( 1.75, 0.20, 0.56, 0.77, 0.84, 0.85, 0.83, 0.90, 0.78, 0.67), # Front wheel arch front ( 2.10, 0.19, 0.52, 0.72, 0.78, 0.79, 0.78, 0.82, 0.75, 0.63), # Headlight outer corner ( 2.26, 0.19, 0.47, 0.65, 0.71, 0.72, 0.62, 0.66, 0.62, 0.52), # Front bumper mid-corner ( 2.38, 0.20, 0.44, 0.62, 0.68, 0.69, 0.42, 0.45, 0.43, 0.38), # Front grille nose edge ] def interp_station(z_q): if z_q <= PROFILE_STATIONS[0][0]: return PROFILE_STATIONS[0][1:] if z_q >= PROFILE_STATIONS[-1][0]: return PROFILE_STATIONS[-1][1:] for i in range(len(PROFILE_STATIONS) - 1): z0 = PROFILE_STATIONS[i][0] z1 = PROFILE_STATIONS[i + 1][0] if z0 <= z_q <= z1: t = (z_q - z0) / (z1 - z0) vals0 = PROFILE_STATIONS[i][1:] vals1 = PROFILE_STATIONS[i + 1][1:] return [v0 + t * (v1 - v0) for v0, v1 in zip(vals0, vals1)] return PROFILE_STATIONS[-1][1:] def wheel_arch_lift(z_fwd, y_up, x_abs): r_arch = 0.395 r_flare = 0.465 y_center = 0.34 for z_axle in (1.40, -1.40): dz = z_fwd - z_axle if abs(dz) < r_flare: horiz_span = math.sqrt(max(0.0, r_arch * r_arch - dz * dz)) y_arch_lip = y_center + horiz_span * 0.96 dist_r = math.sqrt(dz * dz + max(0.0, y_up - y_center) ** 2) flare = 0.0 if r_arch * 0.85 <= dist_r <= r_flare and x_abs > 0.72: w = 1.0 - abs(dist_r - r_arch) / (r_flare - r_arch * 0.85) flare = 0.024 * max(0.0, w) return y_arch_lip, flare, (abs(dz) < r_arch * 0.98) return None, 0.0, False def build_painted_body_shell(mats): bm = bmesh.new() nz = 88 z_list = [-2.33 + (4.71 * i / (nz - 1)) for i in range(nz)] # -2.33 to +2.38 ring_verts = [] for z in z_list: y_bot, y_fend, y_shld, y_belt, y_roof, hw_bot, hw_mid, hw_belt, hw_roof = interp_station(z) y_arch, flare, in_arch = wheel_arch_lift(z, y_fend, hw_mid) seam_indent = 0.0 for z_seam in (-1.68, -0.98, -0.18, 0.72, 0.92, 1.98): if abs(z - z_seam) < 0.016: seam_indent = -0.0045 y_sill = max(y_bot, y_arch) if (in_arch and y_arch is not None) else y_bot y_low_mid = max(y_sill + 0.04, 0.5 * (y_sill + y_fend)) in_cabin = (-1.60 < z < 0.90) if in_cabin: y_inner_top = 0.38 if (-1.35 < z < 0.65) else 0.68 hw_inner = hw_belt - 0.14 else: crown = 0.032 if z >= 0.90 else 0.024 y_inner_top = y_belt + crown hw_inner = hw_belt * 0.52 def z_curve(x_val): if z > 1.85: w = (z - 1.85) / (2.38 - 1.85) return z + w * 0.055 * (1.0 - (x_val / max(0.45, hw_mid)) ** 2) elif z < -1.85: w = (-1.85 - z) / (-1.85 - (-2.33)) return z - w * 0.025 * (1.0 - (x_val / max(0.45, hw_mid)) ** 2) return z pts_pos = [ (0.0, y_bot, z_curve(0.0)), (hw_bot * 0.55, y_bot, z_curve(hw_bot * 0.55)), (hw_bot * 0.94, y_sill, z_curve(hw_bot * 0.94)), (hw_bot + flare + seam_indent, y_sill + 0.03, z_curve(hw_bot)), (hw_mid * 0.98 + flare + seam_indent, y_low_mid, z_curve(hw_mid)), (hw_mid + flare + seam_indent, max(y_fend, y_sill + 0.06), z_curve(hw_mid)), (hw_mid * 0.985 + seam_indent, y_shld - 0.015, z_curve(hw_mid)), (hw_belt * 1.015 + seam_indent, y_shld + 0.012, z_curve(hw_belt)), (hw_belt + seam_indent, y_belt, z_curve(hw_belt)), (hw_inner, y_inner_top, z_curve(hw_inner)), (0.0, y_inner_top + (0.012 if not in_cabin else -0.10), z_curve(0.0)), ] loop_verts = [] for x, y, zc in pts_pos: loop_verts.append(bm.verts.new(co(x, y, zc))) for x, y, zc in reversed(pts_pos[1:-1]): loop_verts.append(bm.verts.new(co(-x, y, zc))) ring_verts.append(loop_verts) n_loop = len(ring_verts[0]) for i in range(nz - 1): r0 = ring_verts[i] r1 = ring_verts[i + 1] for j in range(n_loop): jn = (j + 1) % n_loop bm.faces.new((r0[j], r0[jn], r1[jn], r1[j])) for end_ring, flip in ((ring_verts[0], False), (ring_verts[-1], True)): half = (n_loop // 2) for j in range(half): v0 = end_ring[j] v1 = end_ring[j + 1] v2 = end_ring[(n_loop - 1 - j) % n_loop] v3 = end_ring[(n_loop - j) % n_loop] verts = [v0, v1, v2, v3] uniq = [] for v in verts: if v not in uniq: uniq.append(v) if len(uniq) >= 3: bm.faces.new(uniq if not flip else list(reversed(uniq))) obj_body = new_bm_object("Body_MainShell", mats["Paint"]) finalize_bm(obj_body, bm, uv_mode="paint", smooth=True, bevel_width=0.006, bevel_segs=2, subsurf=1) return obj_body # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # 5. Roof, Pillars, Greenhouse Glass, Bumpers, Grille, Lamps & Exterior Detail # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- def add_lofted_strip(bm, stations, closed_profile=True): rings = [] for st in stations: r = [bm.verts.new(co(x, y, z)) for (x, y, z) in st] rings.append(r) n_r = len(rings) n_p = len(rings[0]) for i in range(n_r - 1): r0, r1 = rings[i], rings[i + 1] limit = n_p if closed_profile else (n_p - 1) for j in range(limit): jn = (j + 1) % n_p bm.faces.new((r0[j], r0[jn], r1[jn], r1[j])) if closed_profile and n_p >= 3: bm.faces.new(list(reversed(rings[0]))) bm.faces.new(rings[-1]) return rings def build_roof_and_pillars(mats): bm = bmesh.new() roof_stations = [] nz_roof = 22 for i in range(nz_roof): t = i / (nz_roof - 1) z = -1.06 + t * (0.34 - (-1.06)) _, _, _, _, y_roof, _, _, _, hw_roof = interp_station(z) thick = 0.026 pts_top = [] pts_bot = [] nx = 9 for k in range(nx): u = -1.0 + 2.0 * k / (nx - 1) x = u * (hw_roof - 0.02) y = y_roof - 0.030 * (u * u) pts_top.append((x, y, z)) pts_bot.append((x * 0.96, y - thick, z)) ring = pts_top + list(reversed(pts_bot)) roof_stations.append(ring) add_lofted_strip(bm, roof_stations, closed_profile=True) arch_z = [0.92, 0.78, 0.62, 0.46, 0.34, 0.10, -0.20, -0.55, -0.85, -1.06, -1.28, -1.48, -1.68] for side in (1.0, -1.0): arch_stations = [] for z in arch_z: _, _, _, y_belt, y_roof, _, _, hw_belt, hw_roof = interp_station(z) if z > 0.34: u = (z - 0.34) / (0.92 - 0.34) y_ext = y_roof * (1 - u) + y_belt * u - 0.02 x_ext = hw_roof * (1 - u) + hw_belt * u w_pil = 0.055 + 0.025 * u elif z < -1.06: u = (-1.06 - z) / (-1.06 - (-1.68)) y_ext = y_roof * (1 - u) + y_belt * u - 0.015 x_ext = hw_roof * (1 - u) + hw_belt * u w_pil = 0.075 + 0.055 * u else: y_ext = y_roof - 0.028 x_ext = hw_roof w_pil = 0.052 p0 = (side * x_ext, y_ext - 0.012, z) p1 = (side * (x_ext - w_pil*0.45), y_ext + 0.012, z) p2 = (side * (x_ext - w_pil), y_ext + 0.008, z) p3 = (side * (x_ext - w_pil), y_ext - 0.028, z) p4 = (side * (x_ext - w_pil*0.45), y_ext - 0.036, z) p5 = (side * (x_ext - 0.005), y_ext - 0.032, z) ring = [p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5] if side < 0: ring = list(reversed(ring)) arch_stations.append(ring) add_lofted_strip(bm, arch_stations, closed_profile=True) _, _, _, _, y_r_ant, _, _, _, _ = interp_station(-0.96) ant_stations = [ [(-0.022, y_r_ant - 0.01, -0.86), (0.0, y_r_ant + 0.005, -0.86), (0.022, y_r_ant - 0.01, -0.86), (0.0, y_r_ant - 0.015, -0.86)], [(-0.016, y_r_ant - 0.01, -0.95), (0.0, y_r_ant + 0.058, -0.96), (0.016, y_r_ant - 0.01, -0.95), (0.0, y_r_ant - 0.015, -0.95)], [(-0.008, y_r_ant - 0.01, -1.03), (0.0, y_r_ant + 0.048, -1.04), (0.008, y_r_ant - 0.01, -1.03), (0.0, y_r_ant - 0.015, -1.03)], ] add_lofted_strip(bm, ant_stations, closed_profile=True) obj_roof = new_bm_object("Body_RoofPillars", mats["Paint"]) finalize_bm(obj_roof, bm, uv_mode="paint", smooth=True, bevel_width=0.004, bevel_segs=2, subsurf=1) return obj_roof def build_wheel_arch_liners(mats): bm = bmesh.new() for side in (1.0, -1.0): for z_axle in (1.40, -1.40): r_outer = 0.398 x_out = side * 0.855 x_in = side * 0.560 y_c = 0.34 n_seg = 24 ring_out = [] ring_in = [] for i in range(n_seg): ang = -0.12 * math.pi + (1.24 * math.pi) * (i / (n_seg - 1)) dz = r_outer * math.cos(ang) dy = r_outer * math.sin(ang) ring_out.append(bm.verts.new(co(x_out, max(0.18, y_c + dy), z_axle + dz))) ring_in.append(bm.verts.new(co(x_in, max(0.18, y_c + dy * 0.95), z_axle + dz * 0.95))) for i in range(n_seg - 1): if side > 0: bm.faces.new((ring_out[i], ring_out[i+1], ring_in[i+1], ring_in[i])) else: bm.faces.new((ring_in[i], ring_in[i+1], ring_out[i+1], ring_out[i])) bm.faces.new(ring_in if side > 0 else list(reversed(ring_in))) v0 = bm.verts.new(co(-0.68, 0.175, -2.15)) v1 = bm.verts.new(co( 0.68, 0.175, -2.15)) v2 = bm.verts.new(co( 0.68, 0.175, 2.25)) v3 = bm.verts.new(co(-0.68, 0.175, 2.25)) bm.faces.new((v0, v1, v2, v3)) obj_liners = new_bm_object("Body_WheelLiners", mats["Trim"]) finalize_bm(obj_liners, bm, uv_mode="box", v_range=(0.05, 0.45), smooth=True) return obj_liners def build_windows_and_frames(mats): bm_glass = bmesh.new() bm_chrome = bmesh.new() bm_dark = bmesh.new() nz_ws = 10 nx_ws = 12 ws_grid = [] for i in range(nz_ws): t = i / (nz_ws - 1) z = 0.90 + t * (0.34 - 0.90) _, _, _, y_belt, y_roof, _, _, hw_belt, hw_roof = interp_station(z) y_base = y_belt * (1 - t) + (y_roof - 0.018) * t hw = (hw_belt - 0.045) * (1 - t) + (hw_roof - 0.045) * t row = [] for k in range(nx_ws): u = -1.0 + 2.0 * k / (nx_ws - 1) x = u * hw arch_y = 0.022 * (1.0 - u * u) arch_z = 0.045 * (1.0 - u * u) * (1.0 - 0.4 * t) row.append(bm_glass.verts.new(co(x, y_base + arch_y, z + arch_z))) ws_grid.append(row) for i in range(nz_ws - 1): for k in range(nx_ws - 1): bm_glass.faces.new((ws_grid[i][k], ws_grid[i][k+1], ws_grid[i+1][k+1], ws_grid[i+1][k])) rw_grid = [] for i in range(nz_ws): t = i / (nz_ws - 1) z = -1.06 + t * (-1.66 - (-1.06)) _, _, _, y_belt, y_roof, _, _, hw_belt, hw_roof = interp_station(z) y_base = (y_roof - 0.018) * (1 - t) + (y_belt + 0.01) * t hw = (hw_roof - 0.05) * (1 - t) + (hw_belt - 0.06) * t row = [] for k in range(nx_ws): u = -1.0 + 2.0 * k / (nx_ws - 1) x = u * hw arch_y = 0.018 * (1.0 - u * u) arch_z = -0.035 * (1.0 - u * u) row.append(bm_glass.verts.new(co(x, y_base + arch_y, z + arch_z))) rw_grid.append(row) for i in range(nz_ws - 1): for k in range(nx_ws - 1): bm_glass.faces.new((rw_grid[i][k], rw_grid[i][k+1], rw_grid[i+1][k+1], rw_grid[i+1][k])) side_z = [0.76, 0.58, 0.36, 0.12, -0.16, -0.45, -0.75, -1.00, -1.20, -1.36] for side in (1.0, -1.0): sw_bot, sw_mid, sw_top = [], [], [] bot_trim_stations, top_trim_stations = [], [] for z in side_z: _, _, _, y_belt, y_roof, _, _, hw_belt, hw_roof = interp_station(z) if z > 0.34: u = (z - 0.34) / (0.76 - 0.34) y_top = (y_roof - 0.055) * (1 - u) + (y_belt + 0.025) * u x_top = (hw_roof - 0.015) * (1 - u) + (hw_belt - 0.012) * u elif z < -0.95: u = (-0.95 - z) / (-0.95 - (-1.36)) y_top = (y_roof - 0.065) * (1 - u) + (y_belt + 0.025) * u x_top = (hw_roof - 0.018) * (1 - u) + (hw_belt - 0.014) * u else: y_top = y_roof - 0.052 x_top = hw_roof - 0.012 y_b = y_belt + 0.012 x_b = hw_belt - 0.012 y_m = 0.5 * (y_b + y_top) x_m = 0.5 * (x_b + x_top) + 0.012 sw_bot.append(bm_glass.verts.new(co(side * x_b, y_b, z))) sw_mid.append(bm_glass.verts.new(co(side * x_m, y_m, z))) sw_top.append(bm_glass.verts.new(co(side * x_top, y_top, z))) r_b = [ (side * (x_b + 0.018), y_b - 0.009, z), (side * (x_b + 0.018), y_b + 0.011, z), (side * (x_b - 0.008), y_b + 0.011, z), (side * (x_b - 0.008), y_b - 0.009, z), ] r_t = [ (side * (x_top + 0.014), y_top - 0.009, z), (side * (x_top + 0.014), y_top + 0.010, z), (side * (x_top - 0.008), y_top + 0.010, z), (side * (x_top - 0.008), y_top - 0.009, z), ] if side < 0: r_b = list(reversed(r_b)) r_t = list(reversed(r_t)) bot_trim_stations.append(r_b) top_trim_stations.append(r_t) for i in range(len(side_z) - 1): if side > 0: bm_glass.faces.new((sw_bot[i], sw_bot[i+1], sw_mid[i+1], sw_mid[i])) bm_glass.faces.new((sw_mid[i], sw_mid[i+1], sw_top[i+1], sw_top[i])) else: bm_glass.faces.new((sw_bot[i+1], sw_bot[i], sw_mid[i], sw_mid[i+1])) bm_glass.faces.new((sw_mid[i+1], sw_mid[i], sw_top[i], sw_top[i+1])) add_lofted_strip(bm_chrome, bot_trim_stations, closed_profile=True) add_lofted_strip(bm_chrome, top_trim_stations, closed_profile=True) for z_pil, half_dz in ((-0.18, 0.048), (-0.96, 0.020)): _, _, _, y_belt, y_roof, _, _, hw_belt, hw_roof = interp_station(z_pil) y_b = y_belt + 0.005 y_t = y_roof - 0.050 if z_pil > -0.5 else y_roof - 0.068 x_b = hw_belt - 0.004 x_t = hw_roof - 0.008 pil_stations = [] for s in (0.0, 0.5, 1.0): yy = y_b * (1 - s) + y_t * s xx = x_b * (1 - s) + x_t * s + (0.010 if s == 0.5 else 0.0) r_p = [ (side * (xx + 0.004), yy, z_pil - half_dz), (side * (xx + 0.004), yy, z_pil + half_dz), (side * (xx - 0.022), yy, z_pil + half_dz), (side * (xx - 0.022), yy, z_pil - half_dz), ] if side < 0: r_p = list(reversed(r_p)) pil_stations.append(r_p) add_lofted_strip(bm_dark, pil_stations, closed_profile=True) for x0, x1, z_off in ((-0.52, 0.08, 0.0), (0.02, 0.62, -0.025)): w_stations = [] for s in (0.0, 0.5, 1.0): xx = x0 + s * (x1 - x0) zz = 0.89 + z_off - 0.02 * math.sin(s * math.pi) yy = 0.925 - 0.015 * (xx * xx) r_w = [ (xx, yy, zz - 0.008), (xx, yy + 0.012, zz - 0.005), (xx, yy + 0.012, zz + 0.005), (xx, yy, zz + 0.008), ] w_stations.append(r_w) add_lofted_strip(bm_dark, w_stations, closed_profile=True) obj_glass = new_bm_object("Body_Glass", mats["Glass"]) finalize_bm(obj_glass, bm_glass, uv_mode="box", smooth=True, bevel_width=0.0, subsurf=0) obj_chrome = new_bm_object("Body_WindowChrome", mats["Trim"]) finalize_bm(obj_chrome, bm_chrome, uv_mode="box", v_range=(0.55, 0.95), smooth=True, bevel_width=0.002, bevel_segs=1) obj_dark = new_bm_object("Body_BPillarsWipers", mats["Trim"]) finalize_bm(obj_dark, bm_dark, uv_mode="box", v_range=(0.05, 0.45), smooth=True, bevel_width=0.003, bevel_segs=1) return [obj_glass, obj_chrome, obj_dark] def build_front_rear_details(mats): bm_paint = bmesh.new() bm_chrome = bmesh.new() bm_dark = bmesh.new() bm_lamps_head = bmesh.new() bm_lamps_tail = bmesh.new() bm_lamps_amber = bmesh.new() bm_glass = bmesh.new() def z_nose_surf(x, y): # Exact match to build_painted_body_shell front surface across X=[0..0.82] ax = abs(x) if ax <= 0.45: z_shell = 2.38 + 0.055 * (1.0 - (ax / 0.45) ** 2) elif ax <= 0.66: t = (ax - 0.45) / (0.66 - 0.45) z_shell = 2.38 * (1.0 - t) + 2.26 * t else: t = min(1.0, (ax - 0.66) / (0.82 - 0.66)) z_shell = 2.26 * (1.0 - t) + 2.10 * t return z_shell - 0.008 * ((y - 0.44) ** 2) + 0.015 # 1. Hexagonal Front Grille (y from 0.24 to 0.64) def grille_hw(y): if y >= 0.54: return 0.42 - 0.40 * (y - 0.54) return 0.34 + 0.08 * (y - 0.24) / (0.54 - 0.24) g_ys = [0.24, 0.34, 0.44, 0.54, 0.64] g_stations = [] for y in g_ys: w = grille_hw(y) r_g = [] for u in (-1.0, -0.5, 0.0, 0.5, 1.0): xx = u * w zz = z_nose_surf(xx, y) + 0.010 r_g.append((xx, y, zz)) for u in (1.0, 0.5, 0.0, -0.5, -1.0): xx = u * w zz = z_nose_surf(xx, y) - 0.035 r_g.append((xx, y, zz)) g_stations.append(r_g) add_lofted_strip(bm_dark, g_stations, closed_profile=True) g_perim = [ (0.0, 0.645), (-0.38, 0.645), (-0.425, 0.54), (-0.345, 0.235), (0.0, 0.235), ( 0.345, 0.235), ( 0.425, 0.54), ( 0.38, 0.645), (0.0, 0.645) ] frame_stations = [] for (gx, gy) in g_perim: gz = z_nose_surf(gx, gy) dx, dy = gx, gy - 0.44 ln = max(1e-4, math.hypot(dx, dy)) nx, ny = dx / ln, dy / ln r_f = [ (gx - nx * 0.014, gy - ny * 0.014, gz - 0.020), (gx - nx * 0.012, gy - ny * 0.012, gz + 0.022), (gx + nx * 0.014, gy + ny * 0.014, gz + 0.020), (gx + nx * 0.018, gy + ny * 0.018, gz - 0.020), ] frame_stations.append(r_f) add_lofted_strip(bm_chrome, frame_stations, closed_profile=True) for k in range(6): yy = 0.285 + k * 0.062 hw = grille_hw(yy) - 0.010 slat_stations = [] for s in range(9): u = -1.0 + 2.0 * s / 8.0 xx = u * hw zz = z_nose_surf(xx, yy) r_s = [ (xx, yy - 0.008, zz - 0.015), (xx, yy - 0.006, zz + 0.022), (xx, yy + 0.006, zz + 0.022), (xx, yy + 0.008, zz - 0.015), ] slat_stations.append(r_s) add_lofted_strip(bm_chrome, slat_stations, closed_profile=True) for vx in (-0.26, -0.13, 0.0, 0.13, 0.26): v_stations = [] for yy in (0.25, 0.44, 0.63): zz = z_nose_surf(vx, yy) v_stations.append([ (vx - 0.006, yy, zz - 0.015), (vx + 0.006, yy, zz - 0.015), (vx + 0.005, yy, zz + 0.016), (vx - 0.005, yy, zz + 0.016), ]) add_lofted_strip(bm_dark, v_stations, closed_profile=True) # 2. Lower Bumper Side Intakes + Fog Lights (L & R, wrapping continuously around bumper corner x=0.40..0.72) for side in (1.0, -1.0): ix_list = [0.40, 0.51, 0.62, 0.72] in_stations = [] for xx in ix_list: sx = side * xx yb = 0.25 + 0.010 * ((xx - 0.40) / 0.32) yt = 0.37 - 0.008 * ((xx - 0.40) / 0.32) zb = z_nose_surf(sx, yb) zt = z_nose_surf(sx, yt) r_in = [ (sx, yb, zb - 0.055), (sx, yb, zb + 0.022), (sx, yt, zt + 0.022), (sx, yt, zt - 0.055), ] if side < 0: r_in = list(reversed(r_in)) in_stations.append(r_in) add_lofted_strip(bm_dark, in_stations, closed_profile=True) ym = 0.31 bar_stations = [] for xx in ix_list: sx = side * xx zz = z_nose_surf(sx, ym) r_b = [ (sx, ym - 0.007, zz - 0.030), (sx, ym - 0.006, zz + 0.028), (sx, ym + 0.006, zz + 0.028), (sx, ym + 0.007, zz - 0.030), ] if side < 0: r_b = list(reversed(r_b)) bar_stations.append(r_b) add_lofted_strip(bm_chrome, bar_stations, closed_profile=True) fx = side * 0.64 fy = 0.31 fz = z_nose_surf(fx, fy) + 0.024 n_fog = 16 fog_ring_o, fog_ring_i, fog_lens = [], [], [] for k in range(n_fog): ang = 2.0 * math.pi * k / n_fog ca, sa = math.cos(ang), math.sin(ang) fog_ring_o.append(bm_chrome.verts.new(co(fx + 0.038 * ca, fy + 0.038 * sa, fz + 0.006))) fog_ring_i.append(bm_chrome.verts.new(co(fx + 0.026 * ca, fy + 0.026 * sa, fz + 0.001))) fog_lens.append(bm_lamps_head.verts.new(co(fx + 0.026 * ca, fy + 0.026 * sa, fz + 0.003))) for k in range(n_fog): kn = (k + 1) % n_fog bm_chrome.faces.new((fog_ring_o[k], fog_ring_o[kn], fog_ring_i[kn], fog_ring_i[k])) bm_lamps_head.faces.new(fog_lens) # 3. Angular Headlight Assemblies (L & R, wrapping continuously from grille edge x=0.41 to fender x=0.77) for side in (1.0, -1.0): hl_xs = [0.41, 0.53, 0.65, 0.77] hl_y_bot = [0.53, 0.525, 0.54, 0.56] hl_y_top = [0.625, 0.64, 0.655, 0.665] hl_stations = [] glass_b, glass_t = [], [] drl_stations = [] for x, yb, yt in zip(hl_xs, hl_y_bot, hl_y_top): sx = side * x zb = z_nose_surf(sx, yb) zt = z_nose_surf(sx, yt) r_hl = [ (sx, yb, zb - 0.065), (sx, yb, zb + 0.022), (sx, yt, zt + 0.020), (sx, yt, zt - 0.065), ] r_drl = [ (sx, yb + 0.005, zb - 0.020), (sx, yb + 0.005, zb + 0.026), (sx, yb + 0.019, zb + 0.026), (sx, yb + 0.019, zb - 0.020), ] if side < 0: r_hl = list(reversed(r_hl)) r_drl = list(reversed(r_drl)) hl_stations.append(r_hl) drl_stations.append(r_drl) glass_b.append(bm_glass.verts.new(co(sx, yb, zb + 0.028))) glass_t.append(bm_glass.verts.new(co(sx, yt, zt + 0.026))) add_lofted_strip(bm_dark, hl_stations, closed_profile=True) add_lofted_strip(bm_lamps_head, drl_stations, closed_profile=True) for i in range(len(hl_xs) - 1): if side > 0: bm_glass.faces.new((glass_b[i], glass_b[i+1], glass_t[i+1], glass_t[i])) else: bm_glass.faces.new((glass_b[i+1], glass_b[i], glass_t[i], glass_t[i+1])) for px, py, pr, target_bm in ((0.49, 0.585, 0.030, bm_lamps_head), (0.60, 0.595, 0.028, bm_lamps_head), (0.71, 0.608, 0.022, bm_lamps_amber)): sx = side * px pz = z_nose_surf(sx, py) + 0.024 ring_p, ring_c = [], [] for k in range(14): ang = 2.0 * math.pi * k / 14 ca, sa = math.cos(ang), math.sin(ang) ring_p.append(target_bm.verts.new(co(sx + pr * ca, py + pr * sa, pz + 0.003))) ring_c.append(bm_chrome.verts.new(co(sx + (pr + 0.006) * ca, py + (pr + 0.006) * sa, pz))) target_bm.faces.new(ring_p if side > 0 else list(reversed(ring_p))) bm_chrome.faces.new(ring_c if side > 0 else list(reversed(ring_c))) # 4. Wrap-Around Taillights (L & R, flush on rear surface around z = -2.33..-2.18) def z_tail_surf(x, y): ax = abs(x) if ax <= 0.63: z_base = -2.32 else: t = min(1.0, (ax - 0.63) / (0.80 - 0.63)) z_base = -2.32 * (1.0 - t) + (-2.18) * t return z_base - 0.020 * (1.0 - (ax / 0.80) ** 2) for side in (1.0, -1.0): tl_xs = [0.32, 0.48, 0.63, 0.78] tl_yb = [0.76, 0.75, 0.74, 0.75] tl_yt = [0.85, 0.87, 0.89, 0.89] tail_stations = [] amber_stations = [] for x, yb, yt in zip(tl_xs, tl_yb, tl_yt): sx = side * x ym = yb + 0.30 * (yt - yb) z_s = z_tail_surf(sx, yb) r_amb = [ (sx, yb, z_s + 0.045), (sx, yb, z_s - 0.012), (sx, ym, z_s - 0.012), (sx, ym, z_s + 0.045), ] r_red = [ (sx, ym, z_s + 0.045), (sx, ym, z_s - 0.014), (sx, yt, z_s - 0.012), (sx, yt, z_s + 0.045), ] if side < 0: r_amb = list(reversed(r_amb)) r_red = list(reversed(r_red)) amber_stations.append(r_amb) tail_stations.append(r_red) add_lofted_strip(bm_lamps_amber, amber_stations, closed_profile=True) add_lofted_strip(bm_lamps_tail, tail_stations, closed_profile=True) lp_stations = [] for xx in (-0.26, 0.0, 0.26): zz = z_tail_surf(xx, 0.72) lp_stations.append([ (xx, 0.66, zz + 0.025), (xx, 0.66, zz - 0.008), (xx, 0.77, zz - 0.008), (xx, 0.77, zz + 0.025), ]) add_lofted_strip(bm_dark, lp_stations, closed_profile=True) # 5. Rear Bumper Lower Diffuser Valance + Dual Chrome Exhaust Pipes diff_stations = [] for xx in (-0.58, -0.44, -0.20, 0.0, 0.20, 0.44, 0.58): zz = z_tail_surf(xx, 0.28) diff_stations.append([ (xx, 0.24, zz + 0.035), (xx, 0.24, zz - 0.008), (xx, 0.33, zz - 0.010), (xx, 0.33, zz + 0.035), ]) add_lofted_strip(bm_dark, diff_stations, closed_profile=True) for side in (1.0, -1.0): ex = side * 0.46 ey = 0.27 ez_front = -2.20 ez_back = -2.345 n_ex = 16 ring_f, ring_b, ring_in = [], [], [] for k in range(n_ex): ang = 2.0 * math.pi * k / n_ex ca, sa = math.cos(ang), math.sin(ang) ring_f.append(bm_chrome.verts.new(co(ex + 0.040 * ca, ey + 0.040 * sa, ez_front))) ring_b.append(bm_chrome.verts.new(co(ex + 0.042 * ca, ey + 0.042 * sa, ez_back))) ring_in.append(bm_dark.verts.new(co(ex + 0.032 * ca, ey + 0.032 * sa, ez_back + 0.005))) for k in range(n_ex): kn = (k + 1) % n_ex bm_chrome.faces.new((ring_f[k], ring_f[kn], ring_b[kn], ring_b[k])) bm_dark.faces.new(list(reversed(ring_in))) # 6. Sculpted Aerodynamic Door Mirrors (tucked in cleanly so total width is 1.84m-1.88m) for side in (1.0, -1.0): ped_stations = [ [(side*0.79, 0.91, 0.67), (side*0.79, 0.94, 0.67), (side*0.79, 0.94, 0.59), (side*0.79, 0.91, 0.59)], [(side*0.84, 0.94, 0.63), (side*0.84, 0.96, 0.63), (side*0.84, 0.96, 0.57), (side*0.84, 0.94, 0.57)], ] if side < 0: ped_stations = [list(reversed(r)) for r in ped_stations] add_lofted_strip(bm_dark, ped_stations, closed_profile=True) m_stations = [] for u, w_y, z_f, z_b in ( (0.00, 0.034, 0.630, 0.550), (0.30, 0.048, 0.642, 0.545), (0.75, 0.045, 0.625, 0.545), (1.00, 0.026, 0.595, 0.550), ): xx = side * (0.82 + u * 0.105) yc = 0.985 + 0.012 * u zm = 0.5 * (z_f + z_b) r_m = [ (xx, yc - w_y, z_b), (xx, yc - w_y, zm), (xx, yc - w_y * 0.6, z_f), (xx, yc + w_y * 0.6, z_f), (xx, yc + w_y, zm), (xx, yc + w_y, z_b), ] if side < 0: r_m = list(reversed(r_m)) m_stations.append(r_m) add_lofted_strip(bm_paint, m_stations, closed_profile=True) mg_pts = [ (side * 0.83, 0.955, 0.543), (side * 0.92, 0.965, 0.543), (side * 0.92, 1.020, 0.543), (side * 0.83, 1.020, 0.543), ] if side > 0: mg_pts = list(reversed(mg_pts)) bm_chrome.faces.new([bm_chrome.verts.new(co(*p)) for p in mg_pts]) # 7. Four Pull-Style Door Handles for side in (1.0, -1.0): for z_h in (0.02, -0.76): _, _, y_shld, _, _, _, hw_mid, hw_belt, _ = interp_station(z_h) xh = side * (hw_mid * 0.992) yh = y_shld - 0.032 cup_stations = [] for dz in (-0.065, 0.0, 0.065): r_c = [ (xh - side * 0.008, yh - 0.022, z_h + dz), (xh + side * 0.008, yh - 0.022, z_h + dz), (xh + side * 0.008, yh + 0.022, z_h + dz), (xh - side * 0.008, yh + 0.022, z_h + dz), ] if side < 0: r_c = list(reversed(r_c)) cup_stations.append(r_c) add_lofted_strip(bm_dark, cup_stations, closed_profile=True) h_stations = [] hc_stations = [] for s, dz, dx_in, dx_out in ( (0.0, 0.095, -0.005, 0.014), (0.2, 0.065, 0.010, 0.030), (0.8, -0.065, 0.010, 0.030), (1.0, -0.095, -0.005, 0.014), ): xx_in = xh + side * dx_in xx_out = xh + side * dx_out r_h = [ (xx_in, yh - 0.013, z_h + dz), (xx_out, yh - 0.011, z_h + dz), (xx_out, yh + 0.011, z_h + dz), (xx_in, yh + 0.013, z_h + dz), ] r_hc = [ (xx_out, yh - 0.005, z_h + dz), (xx_out + side*0.004, yh - 0.005, z_h + dz), (xx_out + side*0.004, yh + 0.005, z_h + dz), (xx_out, yh + 0.005, z_h + dz), ] if side < 0: r_h = list(reversed(r_h)) r_hc = list(reversed(r_hc)) h_stations.append(r_h) hc_stations.append(r_hc) add_lofted_strip(bm_paint, h_stations, closed_profile=True) add_lofted_strip(bm_chrome, hc_stations, closed_profile=True) obj_p = new_bm_object("Body_ExtPaintDetails", mats["Paint"]) finalize_bm(obj_p, bm_paint, uv_mode="paint", smooth=True, bevel_width=0.003, bevel_segs=2, subsurf=1) obj_c = new_bm_object("Body_ExtChromeDetails", mats["Trim"]) finalize_bm(obj_c, bm_chrome, uv_mode="box", v_range=(0.55, 0.95), smooth=True, bevel_width=0.002, bevel_segs=1) obj_d = new_bm_object("Body_ExtDarkDetails", mats["Trim"]) finalize_bm(obj_d, bm_dark, uv_mode="box", v_range=(0.05, 0.45), smooth=True, bevel_width=0.002, bevel_segs=1) obj_lh = new_bm_object("Body_LampsHead", mats["Lamps"]) finalize_bm(obj_lh, bm_lamps_head, uv_mode="box", v_range=(0.78, 0.98), smooth=True) obj_lt = new_bm_object("Body_LampsTail", mats["Lamps"]) finalize_bm(obj_lt, bm_lamps_tail, uv_mode="box", v_range=(0.53, 0.72), smooth=True) obj_la = new_bm_object("Body_LampsAmber", mats["Lamps"]) finalize_bm(obj_la, bm_lamps_amber, uv_mode="box", v_range=(0.28, 0.47), smooth=True) obj_gl = new_bm_object("Body_HeadlightGlass", mats["Glass"]) finalize_bm(obj_gl, bm_glass, uv_mode="box", smooth=True) return [obj_p, obj_c, obj_d, obj_lh, obj_lt, obj_la, obj_gl] # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # 6. Believable 3D Interior Cabin + Separate SteeringWheel Node # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- def build_interior_and_steering(mats): bm_int = bmesh.new() bm_trim = bmesh.new() def add_box_to_bm(bm, x0, x1, y0, y1, z0, z1): vs = [ bm.verts.new(co(x0, y0, z0)), bm.verts.new(co(x1, y0, z0)), bm.verts.new(co(x1, y1, z0)), bm.verts.new(co(x0, y1, z0)), bm.verts.new(co(x0, y0, z1)), bm.verts.new(co(x1, y0, z1)), bm.verts.new(co(x1, y1, z1)), bm.verts.new(co(x0, y1, z1)), ] bm.faces.new((vs[0], vs[1], vs[2], vs[3])) bm.faces.new((vs[7], vs[6], vs[5], vs[4])) bm.faces.new((vs[0], vs[4], vs[5], vs[1])) bm.faces.new((vs[1], vs[5], vs[6], vs[2])) bm.faces.new((vs[2], vs[6], vs[7], vs[3])) bm.faces.new((vs[3], vs[7], vs[4], vs[0])) dash_stations = [ [(-0.72, 0.58, 0.52), (-0.72, 0.89, 0.55), (-0.70, 0.91, 0.88), (-0.70, 0.58, 0.88)], [(-0.20, 0.58, 0.50), (-0.20, 0.90, 0.53), (-0.20, 0.92, 0.88), (-0.20, 0.58, 0.88)], [( 0.20, 0.58, 0.50), ( 0.20, 0.90, 0.53), ( 0.20, 0.92, 0.88), ( 0.20, 0.58, 0.88)], [( 0.55, 0.58, 0.50), ( 0.55, 0.95, 0.53), ( 0.55, 0.92, 0.88), ( 0.55, 0.58, 0.88)], [( 0.72, 0.58, 0.52), ( 0.72, 0.89, 0.55), ( 0.70, 0.91, 0.88), ( 0.70, 0.58, 0.88)], ] add_lofted_strip(bm_int, dash_stations, closed_profile=True) add_box_to_bm(bm_trim, -0.14, 0.14, 0.80, 0.93, 0.49, 0.53) add_box_to_bm(bm_int, -0.13, 0.13, 0.26, 0.64, -0.35, 0.55) add_box_to_bm(bm_trim, -0.025, 0.025, 0.64, 0.75, 0.21, 0.27) for sx in (0.38, -0.38): add_box_to_bm(bm_int, sx - 0.23, sx + 0.23, 0.32, 0.47, -0.12, 0.32) add_box_to_bm(bm_int, sx - 0.24, sx - 0.16, 0.44, 0.51, -0.10, 0.28) add_box_to_bm(bm_int, sx + 0.16, sx + 0.24, 0.44, 0.51, -0.10, 0.28) back_stations = [ [(sx - 0.22, 0.45, -0.02), (sx + 0.22, 0.45, -0.02), (sx + 0.22, 0.45, -0.14), (sx - 0.22, 0.45, -0.14)], [(sx - 0.23, 0.74, -0.09), (sx + 0.23, 0.74, -0.09), (sx + 0.23, 0.74, -0.21), (sx - 0.23, 0.74, -0.21)], [(sx - 0.19, 1.01, -0.16), (sx + 0.19, 1.01, -0.16), (sx + 0.19, 1.01, -0.26), (sx - 0.19, 1.01, -0.26)], ] add_lofted_strip(bm_int, back_stations, closed_profile=True) add_box_to_bm(bm_int, sx - 0.12, sx + 0.12, 1.03, 1.21, -0.26, -0.16) add_box_to_bm(bm_trim, sx - 0.06, sx - 0.045, 0.99, 1.05, -0.22, -0.20) add_box_to_bm(bm_trim, sx + 0.045, sx + 0.06, 0.99, 1.05, -0.22, -0.20) add_box_to_bm(bm_int, -0.68, 0.68, 0.34, 0.49, -1.18, -0.65) rear_back = [ [(-0.68, 0.47, -1.06), (0.68, 0.47, -1.06), (0.68, 0.47, -1.20), (-0.68, 0.47, -1.20)], [(-0.66, 0.98, -1.22), (0.66, 0.98, -1.22), (0.66, 0.98, -1.35), (-0.66, 0.98, -1.35)], ] add_lofted_strip(bm_int, rear_back, closed_profile=True) for rx in (-0.42, 0.0, 0.42): add_box_to_bm(bm_int, rx - 0.11, rx + 0.11, 0.99, 1.13, -1.33, -1.22) add_box_to_bm(bm_int, -0.68, 0.68, 0.92, 0.98, -1.65, -1.28) for side in (1.0, -1.0): x0, x1 = min(side * 0.71, side * 0.77), max(side * 0.71, side * 0.77) add_box_to_bm(bm_int, x0, x1, 0.32, 0.90, -1.15, 0.68) ax0, ax1 = min(side * 0.66, side * 0.72), max(side * 0.66, side * 0.72) add_box_to_bm(bm_int, ax0, ax1, 0.66, 0.72, -0.95, 0.45) add_box_to_bm(bm_trim, -0.11, 0.11, 1.28, 1.33, 0.30, 0.34) add_box_to_bm(bm_trim, -0.012, 0.012, 1.33, 1.41, 0.32, 0.35) obj_int = new_bm_object("Body_Interior", mats["Interior"]) finalize_bm(obj_int, bm_int, uv_mode="box", smooth=True, bevel_width=0.008, bevel_segs=2, subsurf=1) obj_int_trim = new_bm_object("Body_InteriorTrim", mats["Trim"]) finalize_bm(obj_int_trim, bm_trim, uv_mode="box", v_range=(0.55, 0.95), smooth=True, bevel_width=0.003, bevel_segs=1) bm_sw = bmesh.new() tilt = math.radians(24.0) ct, st = math.cos(tilt), math.sin(tilt) def sw_local(lx, ly_up, lz_fwd): ry = ly_up * ct - lz_fwd * st rz = ly_up * st + lz_fwd * ct return Vector((lx, -rz, ry)) R_rim = 0.185 r_tube = 0.018 n_u, n_v = 28, 10 rim_rings = [] for i in range(n_u): u_ang = 2.0 * math.pi * i / n_u cu, su = math.cos(u_ang), math.sin(u_ang) ring = [] for j in range(n_v): v_ang = 2.0 * math.pi * j / n_v cv, sv = math.cos(v_ang), math.sin(v_ang) px = (R_rim + r_tube * cv) * cu py = (R_rim + r_tube * cv) * su pz = r_tube * sv ring.append(bm_sw.verts.new(sw_local(px, py, pz))) rim_rings.append(ring) for i in range(n_u): inext = (i + 1) % n_u for j in range(n_v): jnext = (j + 1) % n_v bm_sw.faces.new((rim_rings[i][j], rim_rings[inext][j], rim_rings[inext][jnext], rim_rings[i][jnext])) boss_rings = [] for s, rad, z_d in ((0.0, 0.042, 0.14), (0.4, 0.055, 0.02), (0.8, 0.068, -0.01), (1.0, 0.045, -0.028)): ring = [] for k in range(16): ang = 2.0 * math.pi * k / 16 ring.append(bm_sw.verts.new(sw_local(rad * math.cos(ang), rad * math.sin(ang), z_d))) boss_rings.append(ring) for i in range(len(boss_rings) - 1): r0, r1 = boss_rings[i], boss_rings[i+1] for k in range(16): kn = (k + 1) % 16 bm_sw.faces.new((r0[k], r0[kn], r1[kn], r1[k])) bm_sw.faces.new(list(reversed(boss_rings[0]))) bm_sw.faces.new(boss_rings[-1]) for sp_ang in (0.0, math.pi, 1.5 * math.pi): ca, sa = math.cos(sp_ang), math.sin(sp_ang) na_x, na_y = -sa, ca sp_stations = [] for r_dist in (0.055, 0.175): ring = [] for (w_off, z_off) in ((-0.018, -0.010), (0.018, -0.010), (0.016, 0.010), (-0.016, 0.010)): lx = r_dist * ca + w_off * na_x ly = r_dist * sa + w_off * na_y ring.append(bm_sw.verts.new(sw_local(lx, ly, z_off))) sp_stations.append(ring) for k in range(4): kn = (k + 1) % 4 bm_sw.faces.new((sp_stations[0][k], sp_stations[0][kn], sp_stations[1][kn], sp_stations[1][k])) obj_sw = new_bm_object("SteeringWheel", mats["Interior"]) finalize_bm(obj_sw, bm_sw, uv_mode="box", smooth=True, bevel_width=0.002, bevel_segs=1) obj_sw.location = co(0.38, 0.84, 0.38) return [obj_int, obj_int_trim], obj_sw # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # 7. High-Detail Wheel Assemblies (Wheel_FL, Wheel_FR, Wheel_RL, Wheel_RR) # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- def build_single_wheel(name, center_game, is_left, mats): mesh = bpy.data.meshes.new(name) obj = bpy.data.objects.new(name, mesh) bpy.context.collection.objects.link(obj) obj.data.materials.append(mats["Rubber"]) obj.data.materials.append(mats["Trim"]) bm = bmesh.new() s = 1.0 if is_left else -1.0 def wco(lx_out, ly_rad, lz_rad): return Vector((s * lx_out, -lz_rad, ly_rad)) # 1. Low-profile Tyre: outer radius = 0.340m, rim radius = 0.246m, half-width = 0.115m tyre_profile = [ (-0.105, 0.246), (-0.114, 0.274), (-0.118, 0.308), (-0.108, 0.332), (-0.088, 0.340), (-0.056, 0.340), (-0.052, 0.333), (-0.044, 0.333), (-0.040, 0.340), (-0.008, 0.340), (-0.004, 0.333), ( 0.004, 0.333), ( 0.008, 0.340), ( 0.040, 0.340), ( 0.044, 0.333), ( 0.052, 0.333), ( 0.056, 0.340), ( 0.088, 0.340), ( 0.108, 0.332), ( 0.118, 0.308), ( 0.114, 0.274), ( 0.105, 0.246), ] n_circ = 56 tyre_rings = [] for i in range(n_circ): ang = 2.0 * math.pi * i / n_circ ca, sa = math.cos(ang), math.sin(ang) lug = 0.0012 * (1 if (i % 2 == 0) else -1) ring = [] for idx_p, (px, pr) in enumerate(tyre_profile): r_mod = pr + (lug if idx_p in (3, 4, 17, 18) else 0.0) ring.append(bm.verts.new(wco(px, r_mod * sa, r_mod * ca))) tyre_rings.append(ring) n_tp = len(tyre_profile) for i in range(n_circ): inext = (i + 1) % n_circ for j in range(n_tp - 1): v0, v1, v2, v3 = tyre_rings[i][j], tyre_rings[i][j+1], tyre_rings[inext][j+1], tyre_rings[inext][j] f = bm.faces.new((v0, v1, v2, v3) if s > 0 else (v0, v3, v2, v1)) f.material_index = 0 f.smooth = True # 2. Alloy Rim Barrel & Outer Lip Flange (mat_index = 1, bright alloy UV except dark inner barrel) rim_profile = [ (-0.105, 0.246), (-0.100, 0.230), (-0.085, 0.220), ( 0.065, 0.220), ( 0.095, 0.236), ( 0.108, 0.248), ( 0.102, 0.234), ] rim_rings = [] for i in range(n_circ): ang = 2.0 * math.pi * i / n_circ ca, sa = math.cos(ang), math.sin(ang) ring = [bm.verts.new(wco(px, pr * sa, pr * ca)) for (px, pr) in rim_profile] rim_rings.append(ring) for i in range(n_circ): inext = (i + 1) % n_circ for j in range(len(rim_profile) - 1): v0, v1, v2, v3 = rim_rings[i][j], rim_rings[i][j+1], rim_rings[inext][j+1], rim_rings[inext][j] f = bm.faces.new((v0, v1, v2, v3) if s > 0 else (v0, v3, v2, v1)) f.material_index = 1 f.smooth = True # Tag inner barrel (j == 2) by setting its smooth/normal or we map its UV in the UV loop below! # 3. Center Hub Dish + Recessed Center Cap hub_profile = [ (0.065, 0.082), (0.088, 0.072), (0.082, 0.036), (0.076, 0.030), (0.078, 0.000), ] n_hub = 30 hub_rings = [] for i in range(n_hub): ang = 2.0 * math.pi * i / n_hub ca, sa = math.cos(ang), math.sin(ang) ring = [bm.verts.new(wco(px, pr * sa, pr * ca)) for (px, pr) in hub_profile] hub_rings.append(ring) for i in range(n_hub): inext = (i + 1) % n_hub for j in range(len(hub_profile) - 1): v0, v1, v2, v3 = hub_rings[i][j], hub_rings[i][j+1], hub_rings[inext][j+1], hub_rings[inext][j] f = bm.faces.new((v0, v1, v2, v3) if s > 0 else (v0, v3, v2, v1)) f.material_index = 1 f.smooth = True # 4. Five-Twin-Spoke (10 Sculpted Spokes) matching sheet.jpg for pair_idx in range(5): base_deg = pair_idx * 72.0 for sub_sign in (-1.0, 1.0): a_hub = math.radians(base_deg + sub_sign * 13.5) a_rim = math.radians(base_deg + sub_sign * 12.0) sp_stations = [] for u, r_d, x_front, x_back, w_half in ( (0.0, 0.068, 0.086, 0.056, 0.015), (0.35, 0.125, 0.095, 0.062, 0.014), (0.75, 0.188, 0.101, 0.068, 0.013), (1.0, 0.238, 0.104, 0.072, 0.015), ): ang = a_hub * (1.0 - u) + a_rim * u ca, sa = math.cos(ang), math.sin(ang) tx, ty = -sa, ca cy, cz = r_d * sa, r_d * ca ring_pts = [ wco(x_front, cy - w_half * 0.65 * tx, cz - w_half * 0.65 * ty), wco(x_front - 0.005, cy - w_half * tx, cz - w_half * ty), wco(x_back, cy - w_half * 0.90 * tx, cz - w_half * 0.90 * ty), wco(x_back, cy + w_half * 0.90 * tx, cz + w_half * 0.90 * ty), wco(x_front - 0.005, cy + w_half * tx, cz + w_half * ty), wco(x_front, cy + w_half * 0.65 * tx, cz + w_half * 0.65 * ty), ] if s < 0: ring_pts = list(reversed(ring_pts)) sp_stations.append([bm.verts.new(p) for p in ring_pts]) for st_i in range(len(sp_stations) - 1): r0, r1 = sp_stations[st_i], sp_stations[st_i + 1] for k in range(6): kn = (k + 1) % 6 f = bm.faces.new((r0[k], r0[kn], r1[kn], r1[k])) f.material_index = 1 f.smooth = True b_ang = math.radians(base_deg) by, bz = 0.052 * math.sin(b_ang), 0.052 * math.cos(b_ang) bolt_f, bolt_b = [], [] for k in range(6): ka = 2.0 * math.pi * k / 6 bolt_f.append(bm.verts.new(wco(0.088, by + 0.008 * math.sin(ka), bz + 0.008 * math.cos(ka)))) bolt_b.append(bm.verts.new(wco(0.072, by + 0.008 * math.sin(ka), bz + 0.008 * math.cos(ka)))) for k in range(6): kn = (k + 1) % 6 f = bm.faces.new((bolt_f[k], bolt_f[kn], bolt_b[kn], bolt_b[k]) if s < 0 else (bolt_b[k], bolt_b[kn], bolt_f[kn], bolt_f[k])) f.material_index = 1 f_cap = bm.faces.new(bolt_f if s > 0 else list(reversed(bolt_f))) f_cap.material_index = 1 # 5. Internal Brake Disc + Brake Caliper (dark gunmetal/steel behind bright spokes) disc_profile = [ (0.015, 0.065), (0.015, 0.180), (0.038, 0.180), (0.038, 0.065), ] n_disc = 32 disc_rings = [] for i in range(n_disc): ang = 2.0 * math.pi * i / n_disc ca, sa = math.cos(ang), math.sin(ang) disc_rings.append([bm.verts.new(wco(px, pr * sa, pr * ca)) for (px, pr) in disc_profile]) for i in range(n_disc): inext = (i + 1) % n_disc for j in range(len(disc_profile) - 1): v0, v1, v2, v3 = disc_rings[i][j], disc_rings[i][j+1], disc_rings[inext][j+1], disc_rings[inext][j] f = bm.faces.new((v0, v1, v2, v3) if s > 0 else (v0, v3, v2, v1)) f.material_index = 1 f.smooth = True cal_stations = [] for i in range(6): ang = math.radians(-25.0 + 10.0 * i) ca, sa = math.cos(ang), math.sin(ang) ring_pts = [ wco(0.005, 0.122 * sa, 0.122 * ca), wco(0.005, 0.198 * sa, 0.198 * ca), wco(0.054, 0.198 * sa, 0.198 * ca), wco(0.054, 0.122 * sa, 0.122 * ca), ] if s < 0: ring_pts = list(reversed(ring_pts)) cal_stations.append([bm.verts.new(p) for p in ring_pts]) for i in range(len(cal_stations) - 1): r0, r1 = cal_stations[i], cal_stations[i+1] for k in range(4): kn = (k + 1) % 4 f = bm.faces.new((r0[k], r0[kn], r1[kn], r1[k])) f.material_index = 1 f.smooth = True bm.faces.new(list(reversed(cal_stations[0]))).material_index = 1 bm.faces.new(cal_stations[-1]).material_index = 1 bmesh.ops.recalc_face_normals(bm, faces=bm.faces) uv_layer = bm.loops.layers.uv.verify() for f in bm.faces: if f.material_index == 0: vmin, vmax = (0.05, 0.95) else: # Check average outward X of face: if deeper inside wheel (|x| < 0.058), put in dark gunmetal UV band (0.05..0.42) # so the inner barrel & caliper contrast sharply against the bright silver spokes (0.58..0.95)! avg_x_out = sum(s * loop.vert.co.x for loop in f.loops) / len(f.loops) if avg_x_out < 0.058: vmin, vmax = (0.05, 0.42) else: vmin, vmax = (0.58, 0.95) for loop in f.loops: v = loop.vert.co u = (v.y * 1.4 + 0.5) % 1.0 vt = (v.z * 1.4 + 0.5) % 1.0 loop[uv_layer].uv = (u, vmin + vt * (vmax - vmin)) bm.to_mesh(obj.data) bm.free() bev = obj.modifiers.new(name="Bevel", type='BEVEL') bev.width = 0.0025 bev.segments = 1 bev.limit_method = 'ANGLE' bev.angle_limit = math.radians(35.0) obj.location = co(*center_game) return obj # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # 8. Scene Assembly, Modifier Application, GLB Export & Post-Patch, Renders # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- PAINTS_LIST = [ [0.02, 0.05, 0.16], # 1. Default Dark Metallic Blue (contract default) [0.36, 0.38, 0.41], # 2. Quartz Metallic Grey (reference sheet finish) [0.02, 0.02, 0.025], # 3. Obsidian Phantom Black [0.42, 0.02, 0.03], # 4. Crimson Garnet Metallic Red [0.72, 0.74, 0.77], # 5. Ice Silver Metallic [0.02, 0.14, 0.07], # 6. British Racing Emerald Green ] def apply_all_modifiers_and_join_body(body_parts, wheel_objs, sw_obj): bpy.ops.object.select_all(action='DESELECT') for o in body_parts + wheel_objs + [sw_obj]: bpy.context.view_layer.objects.active = o o.select_set(True) for mod in list(o.modifiers): bpy.ops.object.modifier_apply(modifier=mod.name) o.select_set(False) bpy.ops.object.select_all(action='DESELECT') for o in body_parts: o.select_set(True) bpy.context.view_layer.objects.active = body_parts[0] bpy.ops.object.join() body_obj = bpy.context.active_object body_obj.name = "Body" body_obj.data.name = "Body" bpy.ops.object.transform_apply(location=True, rotation=True, scale=True) for o in wheel_objs + [sw_obj]: bpy.ops.object.select_all(action='DESELECT') o.select_set(True) bpy.context.view_layer.objects.active = o bpy.ops.object.transform_apply(location=False, rotation=True, scale=True) return body_obj def create_contract_empties(): empties_spec = { "Seat_Driver": ( 0.38, 0.46, 0.05), "Door_L": ( 0.96, 0.50, 0.15), "Door_R": (-0.96, 0.50, 0.15), "Exhaust": ( 0.48, 0.27, -2.38), "Light_Head_L": ( 0.64, 0.60, 2.36), "Light_Head_R": (-0.64, 0.60, 2.36), "Light_Tail_L": ( 0.60, 0.82, -2.28), "Light_Tail_R": (-0.60, 0.82, -2.28), } empty_objs = [] for ename, pos in empties_spec.items(): e = bpy.data.objects.new(ename, None) e.empty_display_type = 'PLAIN_AXES' e.empty_display_size = 0.15 e.location = co(*pos) bpy.context.collection.objects.link(e) empty_objs.append(e) return empty_objs def patch_glb_paint_contract(glb_path): with open(glb_path, "rb") as f: data = f.read() magic, version, length = data[:4], int.from_bytes(data[4:8], 'little'), int.from_bytes(data[8:12], 'little') if magic != b'glTF': return json_len = int.from_bytes(data[12:16], 'little') json_type = data[16:20] json_bytes = data[20:20 + json_len] rest_bytes = data[20 + json_len:] gltf = json.loads(json_bytes.decode('utf-8')) exts_used = gltf.setdefault("extensionsUsed", []) if "KHR_materials_clearcoat" not in exts_used: exts_used.append("KHR_materials_clearcoat") for mat in gltf.get("materials", []): if mat.get("name") == "Paint": pbr = mat.setdefault("pbrMetallicRoughness", {}) pbr["baseColorFactor"] = [0.02, 0.05, 0.16, 1.0] exts = mat.setdefault("extensions", {}) exts["KHR_materials_clearcoat"] = { "clearcoatFactor": 1.0, "clearcoatRoughnessFactor": 0.05 } elif mat.get("name") == "Glass": mat["alphaMode"] = "BLEND" pbr = mat.setdefault("pbrMetallicRoughness", {}) bcf = pbr.get("baseColorFactor", [0.08, 0.12, 0.15, 0.36]) bcf[3] = 0.36 pbr["baseColorFactor"] = bcf new_json = json.dumps(gltf, separators=(',', ':')).encode('utf-8') pad = (4 - (len(new_json) % 4)) % 4 new_json += b' ' * pad new_total_len = 12 + 8 + len(new_json) + len(rest_bytes) with open(glb_path, "wb") as f: f.write(b'glTF') f.write(version.to_bytes(4, 'little')) f.write(new_total_len.to_bytes(4, 'little')) f.write(len(new_json).to_bytes(4, 'little')) f.write(json_type) f.write(new_json) f.write(rest_bytes) print(f"Verified and patched GLB Paint/Clearcoat/Glass contract: {glb_path} ({new_total_len / (1024*1024):.2f} MB)") def write_nodes_json(all_objs, out_path): bpy.context.view_layer.update() min_x = min_y = min_z = 1e9 max_x = max_y = max_z = -1e9 nodes_dict = {} for obj in all_objs: loc = obj.matrix_world.translation gx, gy, gz = round(loc.x, 4), round(loc.z, 4), round(-loc.y, 4) entry = {"position": [gx, gy, gz]} if obj.type == 'MESH': b_min = [1e9, 1e9, 1e9] b_max = [-1e9, -1e9, -1e9] for v in obj.data.vertices: w = obj.matrix_world @ v.co wx, wy, wz = w.x, w.z, -w.y b_min[0] = min(b_min[0], wx) b_min[1] = min(b_min[1], wy) b_min[2] = min(b_min[2], wz) b_max[0] = max(b_max[0], wx) b_max[1] = max(b_max[1], wy) b_max[2] = max(b_max[2], wz) min_x, min_y, min_z = min(min_x, b_min[0]), min(min_y, b_min[1]), min(min_z, b_min[2]) max_x, max_y, max_z = max(max_x, b_max[0]), max(max_y, b_max[1]), max(max_z, b_max[2]) entry["bbox_min"] = [round(x, 4) for x in b_min] entry["bbox_max"] = [round(x, 4) for x in b_max] nodes_dict[obj.name] = entry total_tris = 0 for o in all_objs: if o.type == 'MESH': o.data.calc_loop_triangles() total_tris += len(o.data.loop_triangles) payload = { "asset": "family-sedan-g4", "contract": "Forge Garage v2 (Y-up, +Z front, +X left, metres)", "triangle_count": total_tris, "bbox": { "min": [round(min_x, 4), round(min_y, 4), round(min_z, 4)], "max": [round(max_x, 4), round(max_y, 4), round(max_z, 4)], "dimensions": [ round(max_x - min_x, 4), round(max_y - min_y, 4), round(max_z - min_z, 4), ], }, "nodes": nodes_dict, "paints": PAINTS_LIST, } with open(out_path, "w") as f: json.dump(payload, f, indent=2) print(f"Wrote nodes.json: tris={total_tris}, dims={payload['bbox']['dimensions']}") return total_tris # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # 9. Studio Daylight Lighting & Rendering (final.png, side.png, clay.png, paints.png) # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- def point_camera_at(cam_obj, loc, target): cam_obj.location = Vector(loc) direction = Vector(target) - Vector(loc) rot_quat = direction.to_track_quat('-Z', 'Y') cam_obj.rotation_euler = rot_quat.to_euler() def set_paint_factor(mat_paint, rgb): nt = mat_paint.node_tree for n in nt.nodes: if n.type == 'MIX_RGB': n.inputs['Color2'].default_value = (rgb[0], rgb[1], rgb[2], 1.0) elif n.type == 'BSDF_PRINCIPLED': n.inputs['Base Color'].default_value = (rgb[0], rgb[1], rgb[2], 1.0) def render_deliverables(mats, mesh_objs): setup_cycles_gpu() scene = bpy.context.scene scene.render.film_transparent = False world = bpy.data.worlds.new("StudioDaylight") scene.world = world world.use_nodes = True wnt = world.node_tree wnt.nodes.clear() w_out = wnt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeOutputWorld') w_bg = wnt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeBackground') w_sky = wnt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeTexSky') w_sky.sky_type = 'HOSEK_WILKIE' w_sky.turbidity = 2.4 w_sky.ground_albedo = 0.35 w_sky.sun_direction = Vector((0.45, -0.55, 0.70)).normalized() w_mix = wnt.nodes.new('ShaderNodeMixRGB') w_mix.inputs['Fac'].default_value = 0.26 w_mix.inputs['Color1'].default_value = (0.78, 0.80, 0.83, 1.0) wnt.links.new(w_sky.outputs['Color'], w_mix.inputs['Color2']) wnt.links.new(w_mix.outputs['Color'], w_bg.inputs['Color']) w_bg.inputs['Strength'].default_value = 1.10 wnt.links.new(w_bg.outputs['Background'], w_out.inputs['Surface']) bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_plane_add(size=60.0, location=(0, 0, 0.0)) floor = bpy.context.active_object floor.name = "_StudioFloor" mat_floor = bpy.data.materials.new("_MatFloor") mat_floor.use_nodes = True bsdf_f = mat_floor.node_tree.nodes.get("Principled BSDF") if bsdf_f: bsdf_f.inputs['Base Color'].default_value = (0.70, 0.71, 0.73, 1.0) bsdf_f.inputs['Roughness'].default_value = 0.55 bsdf_f.inputs['Metallic'].default_value = 0.0 floor.data.materials.append(mat_floor) lights = [] def add_area_light(name, loc, target, energy, size_x, size_y, color=(1.0, 0.98, 0.95)): ldata = bpy.data.lights.new(name=name, type='AREA') ldata.energy = energy ldata.shape = 'RECTANGLE' ldata.size = size_x ldata.size_y = size_y ldata.color = color lobj = bpy.data.objects.new(name=name, object_data=ldata) bpy.context.collection.objects.link(lobj) point_camera_at(lobj, loc, target) lights.append(lobj) add_area_light("_KeyLight", ( 4.8, -5.4, 4.2), (0, 0, 0.6), 950.0, 6.5, 2.5, (1.0, 0.98, 0.94)) add_area_light("_FillLight", (-5.2, -3.8, 2.8), (0, 0, 0.6), 450.0, 5.5, 3.0, (0.92, 0.96, 1.0)) add_area_light("_RimLight", (-2.5, 5.5, 4.0), (0, 0, 0.7), 650.0, 6.0, 2.0, (1.0, 0.99, 0.97)) add_area_light("_TopSoftbox", ( 0.0, -0.2, 5.6), (0, 0, 0.7), 700.0, 2.2, 7.5, (1.0, 1.0, 1.0)) cam_data = bpy.data.cameras.new("_RenderCam") cam_obj = bpy.data.objects.new("_RenderCam", cam_data) bpy.context.collection.objects.link(cam_obj) scene.camera = cam_obj # 1. final.png: 1920x1080 Cycles render, 3/4 front view framed so the full car (grille, headlights, side, wheels, boot) fits with generous margin cam_data.type = 'PERSP' cam_data.lens = 50.0 point_camera_at(cam_obj, (4.45, -5.35, 1.55), (-0.05, -0.10, 0.62)) scene.render.resolution_x = 1920 scene.render.resolution_y = 1080 scene.render.resolution_percentage = 100 scene.cycles.samples = 64 set_paint_factor(mats["Paint"], PAINTS_LIST[0]) final_path = os.path.join(SCRIPT_DIR, "final.png") scene.render.filepath = final_path bpy.ops.render.render(write_still=True) print(f"Rendered {final_path}") # 2. clay.png: Same 3/4 front view as final.png, plain grey clay material mat_clay = bpy.data.materials.new("_ClayGrey") mat_clay.use_nodes = True bsdf_c = mat_clay.node_tree.nodes.get("Principled BSDF") if bsdf_c: bsdf_c.inputs['Base Color'].default_value = (0.48, 0.49, 0.50, 1.0) bsdf_c.inputs['Roughness'].default_value = 0.45 bsdf_c.inputs['Metallic'].default_value = 0.0 scene.view_layers[0].material_override = mat_clay clay_path = os.path.join(SCRIPT_DIR, "clay.png") scene.render.filepath = clay_path bpy.ops.render.render(write_still=True) scene.view_layers[0].material_override = None print(f"Rendered {clay_path}") # 3. side.png: Orthographic side view (front on LEFT, rear on RIGHT) cam_data.type = 'ORTHO' cam_data.ortho_scale = 5.45 point_camera_at(cam_obj, (6.0, 0.0, 0.72), (0.0, 0.0, 0.72)) side_path = os.path.join(SCRIPT_DIR, "side.png") scene.render.filepath = side_path bpy.ops.render.render(write_still=True) print(f"Rendered {side_path}") # 4. paints.png: 3x2 grid of the same 3/4 view in all 6 paints cam_data.type = 'PERSP' cam_data.lens = 50.0 point_camera_at(cam_obj, (4.45, -5.35, 1.55), (-0.05, -0.10, 0.62)) scene.render.resolution_x = 640 scene.render.resolution_y = 360 scene.cycles.samples = 28 tile_paths = [] for idx, rgb in enumerate(PAINTS_LIST): set_paint_factor(mats["Paint"], rgb) tpath = os.path.join(TEX_DIR, f"_paint_tile_{idx}.png") scene.render.filepath = tpath bpy.ops.render.render(write_still=True) tile_paths.append(tpath) set_paint_factor(mats["Paint"], PAINTS_LIST[0]) grid_w, grid_h = 640 * 3, 360 * 2 grid_img = bpy.data.images.new("_PaintsGrid", width=grid_w, height=grid_h, alpha=True) grid_pixels = [0.0] * (grid_w * grid_h * 4) for idx, tpath in enumerate(tile_paths): timg = bpy.data.images.load(tpath, check_existing=False) tpix = list(timg.pixels) col = idx % 3 row = 1 - (idx // 3) x_off = col * 640 y_off = row * 360 for ty in range(360): src_start = (ty * 640) * 4 dst_start = ((y_off + ty) * grid_w + x_off) * 4 grid_pixels[dst_start:dst_start + 640 * 4] = tpix[src_start:src_start + 640 * 4] bpy.data.images.remove(timg) grid_img.pixels = grid_pixels paints_path = os.path.join(SCRIPT_DIR, "paints.png") grid_img.filepath_raw = paints_path grid_img.file_format = 'PNG' grid_img.save() bpy.data.images.remove(grid_img) print(f"Rendered and stitched 3x2 grid {paints_path}") def main(): bpy.ops.wm.read_factory_settings(use_empty=True) ensure_polyhaven_textures() baked = bake_material_maps() mats = create_gltf_materials(baked) body_shell = build_painted_body_shell(mats) roof_pillars = build_roof_and_pillars(mats) arch_liners = build_wheel_arch_liners(mats) win_parts = build_windows_and_frames(mats) ext_parts = build_front_rear_details(mats) int_parts, sw_obj = build_interior_and_steering(mats) body_parts = [body_shell, roof_pillars, arch_liners] + win_parts + ext_parts + int_parts w_fl = build_single_wheel("Wheel_FL", ( 0.80, 0.34, 1.40), True, mats) w_fr = build_single_wheel("Wheel_FR", (-0.80, 0.34, 1.40), False, mats) w_rl = build_single_wheel("Wheel_RL", ( 0.80, 0.34, -1.40), True, mats) w_rr = build_single_wheel("Wheel_RR", (-0.80, 0.34, -1.40), False, mats) wheel_objs = [w_fl, w_fr, w_rl, w_rr] body_obj = apply_all_modifiers_and_join_body(body_parts, wheel_objs, sw_obj) empty_objs = create_contract_empties() all_contract_objs = [body_obj] + wheel_objs + [sw_obj] + empty_objs nodes_json_path = os.path.join(SCRIPT_DIR, "nodes.json") write_nodes_json(all_contract_objs, nodes_json_path) glb_path = os.path.join(SCRIPT_DIR, "family-sedan-g4.glb") bpy.ops.export_scene.gltf( filepath=glb_path, export_format='GLB', export_yup=True, export_apply=True, export_texcoords=True, export_normals=True, export_materials='EXPORT', export_cameras=False, export_lights=False, ) patch_glb_paint_contract(glb_path) render_deliverables(mats, [body_obj] + wheel_objs + [sw_obj]) if __name__ == "__main__": main()